Lux.jl
Bayesian Neural Network
We borrow this tutorial from the official Turing Docs. We will show how the explicit parameterization of Lux enables first-class composability with packages which expect flattened out parameter vectors.
We will use Turing.jl with Lux.jl to implement implementing a classification algorithm. Lets start by importing the relevant libraries.
# Import libraries
using Lux, Turing, CairoMakie, Random, Tracker, Functors, MakiePublication, LinearAlgebra
# Sampling progress
Turing.setprogress!(true);
# Use reverse_diff due to the number of parameters in neural networks
Turing.setadbackend(:tracker)
[91m[1mERROR: [22m[39mLoadError: ArgumentError: Package Zygote [e88e6eb3-aa80-5325-afca-941959d7151f] is required but does not seem to be installed:
- Run `Pkg.instantiate()` to install all recorded dependencies.
Stacktrace:
[1] [0m[1m_require[22m[0m[1m([22m[90mpkg[39m::[0mBase.PkgId, [90menv[39m::[0mString[0m[1m)[22m
[90m @[39m [90mBase[39m [90m./[39m[90m[4mloading.jl:1920[24m[39m
[2] [0m[1m__require_prelocked[22m[0m[1m([22m[90muuidkey[39m::[0mBase.PkgId, [90menv[39m::[0mString[0m[1m)[22m
[90m @[39m [90mBase[39m [90m./[39m[90m[4mloading.jl:1806[24m[39m
[3] [0m[1m#invoke_in_world#3[22m
[90m @[39m [90mBase[39m [90m./[39m[90m[4messentials.jl:921[24m[39m[90m [inlined][39m
[4] [0m[1minvoke_in_world[22m
[90m @[39m [90mBase[39m [90m./[39m[90m[4messentials.jl:918[24m[39m[90m [inlined][39m
[5] [0m[1m_require_prelocked[22m[0m[1m([22m[90muuidkey[39m::[0mBase.PkgId, [90menv[39m::[0mString[0m[1m)[22m
[90m @[39m [90mBase[39m [90m./[39m[90m[4mloading.jl:1797[24m[39m
[6] [0m[1mmacro expansion[22m
[90m @[39m [90mBase[39m [90m./[39m[90m[4mloading.jl:1784[24m[39m[90m [inlined][39m
[7] [0m[1mmacro expansion[22m
[90m @[39m [90mBase[39m [90m./[39m[90m[4mlock.jl:267[24m[39m[90m [inlined][39m
[8] [0m[1m__require[22m[0m[1m([22m[90minto[39m::[0mModule, [90mmod[39m::[0mSymbol[0m[1m)[22m
[90m @[39m [90mBase[39m [90m./[39m[90m[4mloading.jl:1747[24m[39m
[9] [0m[1m#invoke_in_world#3[22m
[90m @[39m [90mBase[39m [90m./[39m[90m[4messentials.jl:921[24m[39m[90m [inlined][39m
[10] [0m[1minvoke_in_world[22m
[90m @[39m [90mBase[39m [90m./[39m[90m[4messentials.jl:918[24m[39m[90m [inlined][39m
[11] [0m[1mrequire[22m[0m[1m([22m[90minto[39m::[0mModule, [90mmod[39m::[0mSymbol[0m[1m)[22m
[90m @[39m [90mBase[39m [90m./[39m[90m[4mloading.jl:1740[24m[39m
[12] top-level scope
[90m @[39m [90m~/.cache/julia-buildkite-plugin/depots/01872db4-8c79-43af-ab7d-12abac4f24f6/packages/Bijectors/gR4QV/ext/[39m[90m[4mBijectorsZygoteExt.jl:4[24m[39m
[13] [0m[1minclude[22m
[90m @[39m [90mBase[39m [90m./[39m[90m[4mBase.jl:495[24m[39m[90m [inlined][39m
[14] [0m[1minclude_package_for_output[22m[0m[1m([22m[90mpkg[39m::[0mBase.PkgId, [90minput[39m::[0mString, [90mdepot_path[39m::[0mVector[90m{String}[39m, [90mdl_load_path[39m::[0mVector[90m{String}[39m, [90mload_path[39m::[0mVector[90m{String}[39m, [90mconcrete_deps[39m::[0mVector[90m{Pair{Base.PkgId, UInt128}}[39m, [90msource[39m::[0mNothing[0m[1m)[22m
[90m @[39m [90mBase[39m [90m./[39m[90m[4mloading.jl:2216[24m[39m
[15] top-level scope
[90m @[39m [90m[4mstdin:3[24m[39m
in expression starting at /root/.cache/julia-buildkite-plugin/depots/01872db4-8c79-43af-ab7d-12abac4f24f6/packages/Bijectors/gR4QV/ext/BijectorsZygoteExt.jl:1
in expression starting at stdin:3
┌ Error: Error during loading of extension BijectorsZygoteExt of Bijectors, use `Base.retry_load_extensions()` to retry.
│ exception =
│ 1-element ExceptionStack:
│ Failed to precompile BijectorsZygoteExt [91b77daa-8402-5dd2-b8ee-b16f8be7bd86] to "/root/.cache/julia-buildkite-plugin/depots/01872db4-8c79-43af-ab7d-12abac4f24f6/compiled/v1.10/BijectorsZygoteExt/jl_7zEc4k".
│ Stacktrace:
│ [1] error(s::String)
│ @ Base ./error.jl:35
│ [2] compilecache(pkg::Base.PkgId, path::String, internal_stderr::IO, internal_stdout::IO, keep_loaded_modules::Bool)
│ @ Base ./loading.jl:2462
│ [3] compilecache
│ @ Base ./loading.jl:2334 [inlined]
│ [4] (::Base.var"#968#969"{Base.PkgId})()
│ @ Base ./loading.jl:1968
│ [5] mkpidlock(f::Base.var"#968#969"{Base.PkgId}, at::String, pid::Int32; kwopts::@Kwargs{stale_age::Int64, wait::Bool})
│ @ FileWatching.Pidfile ~/.cache/julia-buildkite-plugin/julia_installs/bin/linux/x64/1.10/julia-1.10-latest-linux-x86_64/share/julia/stdlib/v1.10/FileWatching/src/pidfile.jl:93
│ [6] #mkpidlock#6
│ @ FileWatching.Pidfile ~/.cache/julia-buildkite-plugin/julia_installs/bin/linux/x64/1.10/julia-1.10-latest-linux-x86_64/share/julia/stdlib/v1.10/FileWatching/src/pidfile.jl:88 [inlined]
│ [7] trymkpidlock(::Function, ::Vararg{Any}; kwargs::@Kwargs{stale_age::Int64})
│ @ FileWatching.Pidfile ~/.cache/julia-buildkite-plugin/julia_installs/bin/linux/x64/1.10/julia-1.10-latest-linux-x86_64/share/julia/stdlib/v1.10/FileWatching/src/pidfile.jl:111
│ [8] #invokelatest#2
│ @ Base ./essentials.jl:889 [inlined]
│ [9] invokelatest
│ @ Base ./essentials.jl:884 [inlined]
│ [10] maybe_cachefile_lock(f::Base.var"#968#969"{Base.PkgId}, pkg::Base.PkgId, srcpath::String; stale_age::Int64)
│ @ Base ./loading.jl:2977
│ [11] maybe_cachefile_lock
│ @ Base ./loading.jl:2974 [inlined]
│ [12] _require(pkg::Base.PkgId, env::Nothing)
│ @ Base ./loading.jl:1964
│ [13] __require_prelocked(uuidkey::Base.PkgId, env::Nothing)
│ @ Base ./loading.jl:1806
│ [14] #invoke_in_world#3
│ @ Base ./essentials.jl:921 [inlined]
│ [15] invoke_in_world
│ @ Base ./essentials.jl:918 [inlined]
│ [16] _require_prelocked
│ @ Base ./loading.jl:1797 [inlined]
│ [17] _require_prelocked
│ @ Base ./loading.jl:1796 [inlined]
│ [18] run_extension_callbacks(extid::Base.ExtensionId)
│ @ Base ./loading.jl:1289
│ [19] run_extension_callbacks(pkgid::Base.PkgId)
│ @ Base ./loading.jl:1324
│ [20] run_package_callbacks(modkey::Base.PkgId)
│ @ Base ./loading.jl:1158
│ [21] _tryrequire_from_serialized(modkey::Base.PkgId, path::String, ocachepath::Nothing, sourcepath::String, depmods::Vector{Any})
│ @ Base ./loading.jl:1481
│ [22] _require_search_from_serialized(pkg::Base.PkgId, sourcepath::String, build_id::UInt128)
│ @ Base ./loading.jl:1568
│ [23] _require(pkg::Base.PkgId, env::String)
│ @ Base ./loading.jl:1932
│ [24] __require_prelocked(uuidkey::Base.PkgId, env::String)
│ @ Base ./loading.jl:1806
│ [25] #invoke_in_world#3
│ @ Base ./essentials.jl:921 [inlined]
│ [26] invoke_in_world
│ @ Base ./essentials.jl:918 [inlined]
│ [27] _require_prelocked(uuidkey::Base.PkgId, env::String)
│ @ Base ./loading.jl:1797
│ [28] macro expansion
│ @ Base ./loading.jl:1784 [inlined]
│ [29] macro expansion
│ @ Base ./lock.jl:267 [inlined]
│ [30] __require(into::Module, mod::Symbol)
│ @ Base ./loading.jl:1747
│ [31] #invoke_in_world#3
│ @ Base ./essentials.jl:921 [inlined]
│ [32] invoke_in_world
│ @ Base ./essentials.jl:918 [inlined]
│ [33] require(into::Module, mod::Symbol)
│ @ Base ./loading.jl:1740
│ [34] eval
│ @ Core ./boot.jl:385 [inlined]
│ [35] include_string(mapexpr::typeof(identity), mod::Module, code::String, filename::String)
│ @ Base ./loading.jl:2070
│ [36] include_string(mapexpr::Function, mod::Module, code::AbstractString, filename::AbstractString)
│ @ Base ./loading.jl:2080 [inlined]
│ [37] #44
│ @ ~/.cache/julia-buildkite-plugin/depots/01872db4-8c79-43af-ab7d-12abac4f24f6/packages/Literate/kaTtz/src/Literate.jl:863 [inlined]
│ [38] (::IOCapture.var"#4#7"{Core.TypeofBottom, Literate.var"#44#45"{String, Bool, Module, String}, IOContext{Base.PipeEndpoint}, IOContext{Base.PipeEndpoint}, IOContext{Base.PipeEndpoint}, IOContext{Base.PipeEndpoint}})()
│ @ IOCapture ~/.cache/julia-buildkite-plugin/depots/01872db4-8c79-43af-ab7d-12abac4f24f6/packages/IOCapture/Rzdxd/src/IOCapture.jl:161
│ [39] with_logstate(f::Function, logstate::Any)
│ @ Base.CoreLogging ./logging.jl:515
│ [40] with_logger
│ @ ./logging.jl:627 [inlined]
│ [41] capture(f::Literate.var"#44#45"{String, Bool, Module, String}; rethrow::Type, color::Bool, passthrough::Bool, capture_buffer::IOBuffer)
│ @ IOCapture ~/.cache/julia-buildkite-plugin/depots/01872db4-8c79-43af-ab7d-12abac4f24f6/packages/IOCapture/Rzdxd/src/IOCapture.jl:158
│ [42] execute_block(sb::Module, block::String; inputfile::String, fake_source::String, softscope::Bool)
│ @ Literate ~/.cache/julia-buildkite-plugin/depots/01872db4-8c79-43af-ab7d-12abac4f24f6/packages/Literate/kaTtz/src/Literate.jl:859
│ [43] execute_block
│ @ ~/.cache/julia-buildkite-plugin/depots/01872db4-8c79-43af-ab7d-12abac4f24f6/packages/Literate/kaTtz/src/Literate.jl:844 [inlined]
│ [44] execute_markdown!(io::IOBuffer, sb::Module, block::String, outputdir::String; inputfile::String, fake_source::String, flavor::Literate.DocumenterFlavor, image_formats::Vector{Tuple{MIME, String}}, file_prefix::String, softscope::Bool)
│ @ Literate ~/.cache/julia-buildkite-plugin/depots/01872db4-8c79-43af-ab7d-12abac4f24f6/packages/Literate/kaTtz/src/Literate.jl:607
│ [45] (::Literate.var"#28#30"{Dict{String, Any}, IOBuffer, Module, Literate.CodeChunk, Int64})()
│ @ Literate ~/.cache/julia-buildkite-plugin/depots/01872db4-8c79-43af-ab7d-12abac4f24f6/packages/Literate/kaTtz/src/Literate.jl:579
│ [46] cd(f::Literate.var"#28#30"{Dict{String, Any}, IOBuffer, Module, Literate.CodeChunk, Int64}, dir::String)
│ @ Base.Filesystem ./file.jl:112
│ [47] markdown(inputfile::String, outputdir::String; config::Dict{Any, Any}, kwargs::@Kwargs{execute::Bool, name::String, documenter::Bool, preprocess::Base.Fix1{typeof(preprocess), String}})
│ @ Literate ~/.cache/julia-buildkite-plugin/depots/01872db4-8c79-43af-ab7d-12abac4f24f6/packages/Literate/kaTtz/src/Literate.jl:578
│ [48] markdown
│ @ ~/.cache/julia-buildkite-plugin/depots/01872db4-8c79-43af-ab7d-12abac4f24f6/packages/Literate/kaTtz/src/Literate.jl:542 [inlined]
│ [49] (::Serialization.__deserialized_types__.var"#2#4"{String, String, Int64})()
│ @ Main /var/lib/buildkite-agent/builds/gpuci-2/julialang/lux-dot-jl/docs/tutorials.jl:33
│ [50] withenv(::Serialization.__deserialized_types__.var"#2#4"{String, String, Int64}, ::Pair{String, String}, ::Vararg{Pair{String, String}})
│ @ Base ./env.jl:256
│ [51] (::Serialization.__deserialized_types__.var"#1#3")(::Tuple{Int64, Tuple{String, String}})
│ @ Main /var/lib/buildkite-agent/builds/gpuci-2/julialang/lux-dot-jl/docs/tutorials.jl:28
│ [52] invokelatest(::Any, ::Any, ::Vararg{Any}; kwargs::@Kwargs{})
│ @ Base ./essentials.jl:887
│ [53] invokelatest(::Any, ::Any, ::Vararg{Any})
│ @ Base ./essentials.jl:884
│ [54] (::Distributed.var"#110#112"{Distributed.CallMsg{:call_fetch}})()
│ @ Distributed ~/.cache/julia-buildkite-plugin/julia_installs/bin/linux/x64/1.10/julia-1.10-latest-linux-x86_64/share/julia/stdlib/v1.10/Distributed/src/process_messages.jl:286
│ [55] run_work_thunk(thunk::Distributed.var"#110#112"{Distributed.CallMsg{:call_fetch}}, print_error::Bool)
│ @ Distributed ~/.cache/julia-buildkite-plugin/julia_installs/bin/linux/x64/1.10/julia-1.10-latest-linux-x86_64/share/julia/stdlib/v1.10/Distributed/src/process_messages.jl:70
└ @ Base loading.jl:1295
┌ Error: Error during loading of extension StaticArrayInterfaceOffsetArraysExt of StaticArrayInterface, use `Base.retry_load_extensions()` to retry.
│ exception =
│ 1-element ExceptionStack:
│ ArgumentError: Package StaticArrayInterfaceOffsetArraysExt [a8fab69c-de6f-5f74-aba3-bef19c2d033f] is required but does not seem to be installed:
│ - Run `Pkg.instantiate()` to install all recorded dependencies.
│
│ Stacktrace:
│ [1] _require(pkg::Base.PkgId, env::Nothing)
│ @ Base ./loading.jl:1920
│ [2] __require_prelocked(uuidkey::Base.PkgId, env::Nothing)
│ @ Base ./loading.jl:1806
│ [3] #invoke_in_world#3
│ @ Base ./essentials.jl:921 [inlined]
│ [4] invoke_in_world
│ @ Base ./essentials.jl:918 [inlined]
│ [5] _require_prelocked
│ @ Base ./loading.jl:1797 [inlined]
│ [6] _require_prelocked
│ @ Base ./loading.jl:1796 [inlined]
│ [7] run_extension_callbacks(extid::Base.ExtensionId)
│ @ Base ./loading.jl:1289
│ [8] run_extension_callbacks(pkgid::Base.PkgId)
│ @ Base ./loading.jl:1324
│ [9] run_package_callbacks(modkey::Base.PkgId)
│ @ Base ./loading.jl:1158
│ [10] _tryrequire_from_serialized(modkey::Base.PkgId, path::String, ocachepath::Nothing, sourcepath::String, depmods::Vector{Any})
│ @ Base ./loading.jl:1481
│ [11] _require_search_from_serialized(pkg::Base.PkgId, sourcepath::String, build_id::UInt128)
│ @ Base ./loading.jl:1568
│ [12] _require(pkg::Base.PkgId, env::String)
│ @ Base ./loading.jl:1932
│ [13] __require_prelocked(uuidkey::Base.PkgId, env::String)
│ @ Base ./loading.jl:1806
│ [14] #invoke_in_world#3
│ @ Base ./essentials.jl:921 [inlined]
│ [15] invoke_in_world
│ @ Base ./essentials.jl:918 [inlined]
│ [16] _require_prelocked(uuidkey::Base.PkgId, env::String)
│ @ Base ./loading.jl:1797
│ [17] macro expansion
│ @ Base ./loading.jl:1784 [inlined]
│ [18] macro expansion
│ @ Base ./lock.jl:267 [inlined]
│ [19] __require(into::Module, mod::Symbol)
│ @ Base ./loading.jl:1747
│ [20] #invoke_in_world#3
│ @ Base ./essentials.jl:921 [inlined]
│ [21] invoke_in_world
│ @ Base ./essentials.jl:918 [inlined]
│ [22] require(into::Module, mod::Symbol)
│ @ Base ./loading.jl:1740
│ [23] eval
│ @ Core ./boot.jl:385 [inlined]
│ [24] include_string(mapexpr::typeof(identity), mod::Module, code::String, filename::String)
│ @ Base ./loading.jl:2070
│ [25] include_string(mapexpr::Function, mod::Module, code::AbstractString, filename::AbstractString)
│ @ Base ./loading.jl:2080 [inlined]
│ [26] #44
│ @ ~/.cache/julia-buildkite-plugin/depots/01872db4-8c79-43af-ab7d-12abac4f24f6/packages/Literate/kaTtz/src/Literate.jl:863 [inlined]
│ [27] (::IOCapture.var"#4#7"{Core.TypeofBottom, Literate.var"#44#45"{String, Bool, Module, String}, IOContext{Base.PipeEndpoint}, IOContext{Base.PipeEndpoint}, IOContext{Base.PipeEndpoint}, IOContext{Base.PipeEndpoint}})()
│ @ IOCapture ~/.cache/julia-buildkite-plugin/depots/01872db4-8c79-43af-ab7d-12abac4f24f6/packages/IOCapture/Rzdxd/src/IOCapture.jl:161
│ [28] with_logstate(f::Function, logstate::Any)
│ @ Base.CoreLogging ./logging.jl:515
│ [29] with_logger
│ @ ./logging.jl:627 [inlined]
│ [30] capture(f::Literate.var"#44#45"{String, Bool, Module, String}; rethrow::Type, color::Bool, passthrough::Bool, capture_buffer::IOBuffer)
│ @ IOCapture ~/.cache/julia-buildkite-plugin/depots/01872db4-8c79-43af-ab7d-12abac4f24f6/packages/IOCapture/Rzdxd/src/IOCapture.jl:158
│ [31] execute_block(sb::Module, block::String; inputfile::String, fake_source::String, softscope::Bool)
│ @ Literate ~/.cache/julia-buildkite-plugin/depots/01872db4-8c79-43af-ab7d-12abac4f24f6/packages/Literate/kaTtz/src/Literate.jl:859
│ [32] execute_block
│ @ ~/.cache/julia-buildkite-plugin/depots/01872db4-8c79-43af-ab7d-12abac4f24f6/packages/Literate/kaTtz/src/Literate.jl:844 [inlined]
│ [33] execute_markdown!(io::IOBuffer, sb::Module, block::String, outputdir::String; inputfile::String, fake_source::String, flavor::Literate.DocumenterFlavor, image_formats::Vector{Tuple{MIME, String}}, file_prefix::String, softscope::Bool)
│ @ Literate ~/.cache/julia-buildkite-plugin/depots/01872db4-8c79-43af-ab7d-12abac4f24f6/packages/Literate/kaTtz/src/Literate.jl:607
│ [34] (::Literate.var"#28#30"{Dict{String, Any}, IOBuffer, Module, Literate.CodeChunk, Int64})()
│ @ Literate ~/.cache/julia-buildkite-plugin/depots/01872db4-8c79-43af-ab7d-12abac4f24f6/packages/Literate/kaTtz/src/Literate.jl:579
│ [35] cd(f::Literate.var"#28#30"{Dict{String, Any}, IOBuffer, Module, Literate.CodeChunk, Int64}, dir::String)
│ @ Base.Filesystem ./file.jl:112
│ [36] markdown(inputfile::String, outputdir::String; config::Dict{Any, Any}, kwargs::@Kwargs{execute::Bool, name::String, documenter::Bool, preprocess::Base.Fix1{typeof(preprocess), String}})
│ @ Literate ~/.cache/julia-buildkite-plugin/depots/01872db4-8c79-43af-ab7d-12abac4f24f6/packages/Literate/kaTtz/src/Literate.jl:578
│ [37] markdown
│ @ ~/.cache/julia-buildkite-plugin/depots/01872db4-8c79-43af-ab7d-12abac4f24f6/packages/Literate/kaTtz/src/Literate.jl:542 [inlined]
│ [38] (::Serialization.__deserialized_types__.var"#2#4"{String, String, Int64})()
│ @ Main /var/lib/buildkite-agent/builds/gpuci-2/julialang/lux-dot-jl/docs/tutorials.jl:33
│ [39] withenv(::Serialization.__deserialized_types__.var"#2#4"{String, String, Int64}, ::Pair{String, String}, ::Vararg{Pair{String, String}})
│ @ Base ./env.jl:256
│ [40] (::Serialization.__deserialized_types__.var"#1#3")(::Tuple{Int64, Tuple{String, String}})
│ @ Main /var/lib/buildkite-agent/builds/gpuci-2/julialang/lux-dot-jl/docs/tutorials.jl:28
│ [41] invokelatest(::Any, ::Any, ::Vararg{Any}; kwargs::@Kwargs{})
│ @ Base ./essentials.jl:887
│ [42] invokelatest(::Any, ::Any, ::Vararg{Any})
│ @ Base ./essentials.jl:884
│ [43] (::Distributed.var"#110#112"{Distributed.CallMsg{:call_fetch}})()
│ @ Distributed ~/.cache/julia-buildkite-plugin/julia_installs/bin/linux/x64/1.10/julia-1.10-latest-linux-x86_64/share/julia/stdlib/v1.10/Distributed/src/process_messages.jl:286
│ [44] run_work_thunk(thunk::Distributed.var"#110#112"{Distributed.CallMsg{:call_fetch}}, print_error::Bool)
│ @ Distributed ~/.cache/julia-buildkite-plugin/julia_installs/bin/linux/x64/1.10/julia-1.10-latest-linux-x86_64/share/julia/stdlib/v1.10/Distributed/src/process_messages.jl:70
│ [45] (::Distributed.var"#109#111"{Distributed.CallMsg{:call_fetch}, Distributed.MsgHeader, Sockets.TCPSocket})()
│ @ Distributed ~/.cache/julia-buildkite-plugin/julia_installs/bin/linux/x64/1.10/julia-1.10-latest-linux-x86_64/share/julia/stdlib/v1.10/Distributed/src/process_messages.jl:286
└ @ Base loading.jl:1295
┌ Error: Error during loading of extension ComponentArraysTrackerExt of ComponentArrays, use `Base.retry_load_extensions()` to retry.
│ exception =
│ 1-element ExceptionStack:
│ ArgumentError: Package ComponentArraysTrackerExt [a97f7ea9-bdd4-56dc-b9a4-48fcd061f528] is required but does not seem to be installed:
│ - Run `Pkg.instantiate()` to install all recorded dependencies.
│
│ Stacktrace:
│ [1] _require(pkg::Base.PkgId, env::Nothing)
│ @ Base ./loading.jl:1920
│ [2] __require_prelocked(uuidkey::Base.PkgId, env::Nothing)
│ @ Base ./loading.jl:1806
│ [3] #invoke_in_world#3
│ @ Base ./essentials.jl:921 [inlined]
│ [4] invoke_in_world
│ @ Base ./essentials.jl:918 [inlined]
│ [5] _require_prelocked
│ @ Base ./loading.jl:1797 [inlined]
│ [6] _require_prelocked
│ @ Base ./loading.jl:1796 [inlined]
│ [7] run_extension_callbacks(extid::Base.ExtensionId)
│ @ Base ./loading.jl:1289
│ [8] run_extension_callbacks(pkgid::Base.PkgId)
│ @ Base ./loading.jl:1324
│ [9] run_package_callbacks(modkey::Base.PkgId)
│ @ Base ./loading.jl:1158
│ [10] _tryrequire_from_serialized(modkey::Base.PkgId, path::String, ocachepath::Nothing, sourcepath::String, depmods::Vector{Any})
│ @ Base ./loading.jl:1481
│ [11] _require_search_from_serialized(pkg::Base.PkgId, sourcepath::String, build_id::UInt128)
│ @ Base ./loading.jl:1568
│ [12] _require(pkg::Base.PkgId, env::String)
│ @ Base ./loading.jl:1932
│ [13] __require_prelocked(uuidkey::Base.PkgId, env::String)
│ @ Base ./loading.jl:1806
│ [14] #invoke_in_world#3
│ @ Base ./essentials.jl:921 [inlined]
│ [15] invoke_in_world
│ @ Base ./essentials.jl:918 [inlined]
│ [16] _require_prelocked(uuidkey::Base.PkgId, env::String)
│ @ Base ./loading.jl:1797
│ [17] macro expansion
│ @ Base ./loading.jl:1784 [inlined]
│ [18] macro expansion
│ @ Base ./lock.jl:267 [inlined]
│ [19] __require(into::Module, mod::Symbol)
│ @ Base ./loading.jl:1747
│ [20] #invoke_in_world#3
│ @ Base ./essentials.jl:921 [inlined]
│ [21] invoke_in_world
│ @ Base ./essentials.jl:918 [inlined]
│ [22] require(into::Module, mod::Symbol)
│ @ Base ./loading.jl:1740
│ [23] eval
│ @ Core ./boot.jl:385 [inlined]
│ [24] include_string(mapexpr::typeof(identity), mod::Module, code::String, filename::String)
│ @ Base ./loading.jl:2070
│ [25] include_string(mapexpr::Function, mod::Module, code::AbstractString, filename::AbstractString)
│ @ Base ./loading.jl:2080 [inlined]
│ [26] #44
│ @ ~/.cache/julia-buildkite-plugin/depots/01872db4-8c79-43af-ab7d-12abac4f24f6/packages/Literate/kaTtz/src/Literate.jl:863 [inlined]
│ [27] (::IOCapture.var"#4#7"{Core.TypeofBottom, Literate.var"#44#45"{String, Bool, Module, String}, IOContext{Base.PipeEndpoint}, IOContext{Base.PipeEndpoint}, IOContext{Base.PipeEndpoint}, IOContext{Base.PipeEndpoint}})()
│ @ IOCapture ~/.cache/julia-buildkite-plugin/depots/01872db4-8c79-43af-ab7d-12abac4f24f6/packages/IOCapture/Rzdxd/src/IOCapture.jl:161
│ [28] with_logstate(f::Function, logstate::Any)
│ @ Base.CoreLogging ./logging.jl:515
│ [29] with_logger
│ @ ./logging.jl:627 [inlined]
│ [30] capture(f::Literate.var"#44#45"{String, Bool, Module, String}; rethrow::Type, color::Bool, passthrough::Bool, capture_buffer::IOBuffer)
│ @ IOCapture ~/.cache/julia-buildkite-plugin/depots/01872db4-8c79-43af-ab7d-12abac4f24f6/packages/IOCapture/Rzdxd/src/IOCapture.jl:158
│ [31] execute_block(sb::Module, block::String; inputfile::String, fake_source::String, softscope::Bool)
│ @ Literate ~/.cache/julia-buildkite-plugin/depots/01872db4-8c79-43af-ab7d-12abac4f24f6/packages/Literate/kaTtz/src/Literate.jl:859
│ [32] execute_block
│ @ ~/.cache/julia-buildkite-plugin/depots/01872db4-8c79-43af-ab7d-12abac4f24f6/packages/Literate/kaTtz/src/Literate.jl:844 [inlined]
│ [33] execute_markdown!(io::IOBuffer, sb::Module, block::String, outputdir::String; inputfile::String, fake_source::String, flavor::Literate.DocumenterFlavor, image_formats::Vector{Tuple{MIME, String}}, file_prefix::String, softscope::Bool)
│ @ Literate ~/.cache/julia-buildkite-plugin/depots/01872db4-8c79-43af-ab7d-12abac4f24f6/packages/Literate/kaTtz/src/Literate.jl:607
│ [34] (::Literate.var"#28#30"{Dict{String, Any}, IOBuffer, Module, Literate.CodeChunk, Int64})()
│ @ Literate ~/.cache/julia-buildkite-plugin/depots/01872db4-8c79-43af-ab7d-12abac4f24f6/packages/Literate/kaTtz/src/Literate.jl:579
│ [35] cd(f::Literate.var"#28#30"{Dict{String, Any}, IOBuffer, Module, Literate.CodeChunk, Int64}, dir::String)
│ @ Base.Filesystem ./file.jl:112
│ [36] markdown(inputfile::String, outputdir::String; config::Dict{Any, Any}, kwargs::@Kwargs{execute::Bool, name::String, documenter::Bool, preprocess::Base.Fix1{typeof(preprocess), String}})
│ @ Literate ~/.cache/julia-buildkite-plugin/depots/01872db4-8c79-43af-ab7d-12abac4f24f6/packages/Literate/kaTtz/src/Literate.jl:578
│ [37] markdown
│ @ ~/.cache/julia-buildkite-plugin/depots/01872db4-8c79-43af-ab7d-12abac4f24f6/packages/Literate/kaTtz/src/Literate.jl:542 [inlined]
│ [38] (::Serialization.__deserialized_types__.var"#2#4"{String, String, Int64})()
│ @ Main /var/lib/buildkite-agent/builds/gpuci-2/julialang/lux-dot-jl/docs/tutorials.jl:33
│ [39] withenv(::Serialization.__deserialized_types__.var"#2#4"{String, String, Int64}, ::Pair{String, String}, ::Vararg{Pair{String, String}})
│ @ Base ./env.jl:256
│ [40] (::Serialization.__deserialized_types__.var"#1#3")(::Tuple{Int64, Tuple{String, String}})
│ @ Main /var/lib/buildkite-agent/builds/gpuci-2/julialang/lux-dot-jl/docs/tutorials.jl:28
│ [41] invokelatest(::Any, ::Any, ::Vararg{Any}; kwargs::@Kwargs{})
│ @ Base ./essentials.jl:887
│ [42] invokelatest(::Any, ::Any, ::Vararg{Any})
│ @ Base ./essentials.jl:884
│ [43] (::Distributed.var"#110#112"{Distributed.CallMsg{:call_fetch}})()
│ @ Distributed ~/.cache/julia-buildkite-plugin/julia_installs/bin/linux/x64/1.10/julia-1.10-latest-linux-x86_64/share/julia/stdlib/v1.10/Distributed/src/process_messages.jl:286
│ [44] run_work_thunk(thunk::Distributed.var"#110#112"{Distributed.CallMsg{:call_fetch}}, print_error::Bool)
│ @ Distributed ~/.cache/julia-buildkite-plugin/julia_installs/bin/linux/x64/1.10/julia-1.10-latest-linux-x86_64/share/julia/stdlib/v1.10/Distributed/src/process_messages.jl:70
│ [45] (::Distributed.var"#109#111"{Distributed.CallMsg{:call_fetch}, Distributed.MsgHeader, Sockets.TCPSocket})()
│ @ Distributed ~/.cache/julia-buildkite-plugin/julia_installs/bin/linux/x64/1.10/julia-1.10-latest-linux-x86_64/share/julia/stdlib/v1.10/Distributed/src/process_messages.jl:286
└ @ Base loading.jl:1295
┌ Error: Error during loading of extension ZygoteTrackerExt of Zygote, use `Base.retry_load_extensions()` to retry.
│ exception =
│ 1-element ExceptionStack:
│ ArgumentError: Package ZygoteTrackerExt [2203d700-20ca-554d-9228-defc17349bb5] is required but does not seem to be installed:
│ - Run `Pkg.instantiate()` to install all recorded dependencies.
│
│ Stacktrace:
│ [1] _require(pkg::Base.PkgId, env::Nothing)
│ @ Base ./loading.jl:1920
│ [2] __require_prelocked(uuidkey::Base.PkgId, env::Nothing)
│ @ Base ./loading.jl:1806
│ [3] #invoke_in_world#3
│ @ Base ./essentials.jl:921 [inlined]
│ [4] invoke_in_world
│ @ Base ./essentials.jl:918 [inlined]
│ [5] _require_prelocked
│ @ Base ./loading.jl:1797 [inlined]
│ [6] _require_prelocked
│ @ Base ./loading.jl:1796 [inlined]
│ [7] run_extension_callbacks(extid::Base.ExtensionId)
│ @ Base ./loading.jl:1289
│ [8] run_extension_callbacks(pkgid::Base.PkgId)
│ @ Base ./loading.jl:1324
│ [9] run_package_callbacks(modkey::Base.PkgId)
│ @ Base ./loading.jl:1158
│ [10] _tryrequire_from_serialized(modkey::Base.PkgId, path::String, ocachepath::Nothing, sourcepath::String, depmods::Vector{Any})
│ @ Base ./loading.jl:1481
│ [11] _require_search_from_serialized(pkg::Base.PkgId, sourcepath::String, build_id::UInt128)
│ @ Base ./loading.jl:1568
│ [12] _require(pkg::Base.PkgId, env::String)
│ @ Base ./loading.jl:1932
│ [13] __require_prelocked(uuidkey::Base.PkgId, env::String)
│ @ Base ./loading.jl:1806
│ [14] #invoke_in_world#3
│ @ Base ./essentials.jl:921 [inlined]
│ [15] invoke_in_world
│ @ Base ./essentials.jl:918 [inlined]
│ [16] _require_prelocked(uuidkey::Base.PkgId, env::String)
│ @ Base ./loading.jl:1797
│ [17] macro expansion
│ @ Base ./loading.jl:1784 [inlined]
│ [18] macro expansion
│ @ Base ./lock.jl:267 [inlined]
│ [19] __require(into::Module, mod::Symbol)
│ @ Base ./loading.jl:1747
│ [20] #invoke_in_world#3
│ @ Base ./essentials.jl:921 [inlined]
│ [21] invoke_in_world
│ @ Base ./essentials.jl:918 [inlined]
│ [22] require(into::Module, mod::Symbol)
│ @ Base ./loading.jl:1740
│ [23] eval
│ @ Core ./boot.jl:385 [inlined]
│ [24] include_string(mapexpr::typeof(identity), mod::Module, code::String, filename::String)
│ @ Base ./loading.jl:2070
│ [25] include_string(mapexpr::Function, mod::Module, code::AbstractString, filename::AbstractString)
│ @ Base ./loading.jl:2080 [inlined]
│ [26] #44
│ @ ~/.cache/julia-buildkite-plugin/depots/01872db4-8c79-43af-ab7d-12abac4f24f6/packages/Literate/kaTtz/src/Literate.jl:863 [inlined]
│ [27] (::IOCapture.var"#4#7"{Core.TypeofBottom, Literate.var"#44#45"{String, Bool, Module, String}, IOContext{Base.PipeEndpoint}, IOContext{Base.PipeEndpoint}, IOContext{Base.PipeEndpoint}, IOContext{Base.PipeEndpoint}})()
│ @ IOCapture ~/.cache/julia-buildkite-plugin/depots/01872db4-8c79-43af-ab7d-12abac4f24f6/packages/IOCapture/Rzdxd/src/IOCapture.jl:161
│ [28] with_logstate(f::Function, logstate::Any)
│ @ Base.CoreLogging ./logging.jl:515
│ [29] with_logger
│ @ ./logging.jl:627 [inlined]
│ [30] capture(f::Literate.var"#44#45"{String, Bool, Module, String}; rethrow::Type, color::Bool, passthrough::Bool, capture_buffer::IOBuffer)
│ @ IOCapture ~/.cache/julia-buildkite-plugin/depots/01872db4-8c79-43af-ab7d-12abac4f24f6/packages/IOCapture/Rzdxd/src/IOCapture.jl:158
│ [31] execute_block(sb::Module, block::String; inputfile::String, fake_source::String, softscope::Bool)
│ @ Literate ~/.cache/julia-buildkite-plugin/depots/01872db4-8c79-43af-ab7d-12abac4f24f6/packages/Literate/kaTtz/src/Literate.jl:859
│ [32] execute_block
│ @ ~/.cache/julia-buildkite-plugin/depots/01872db4-8c79-43af-ab7d-12abac4f24f6/packages/Literate/kaTtz/src/Literate.jl:844 [inlined]
│ [33] execute_markdown!(io::IOBuffer, sb::Module, block::String, outputdir::String; inputfile::String, fake_source::String, flavor::Literate.DocumenterFlavor, image_formats::Vector{Tuple{MIME, String}}, file_prefix::String, softscope::Bool)
│ @ Literate ~/.cache/julia-buildkite-plugin/depots/01872db4-8c79-43af-ab7d-12abac4f24f6/packages/Literate/kaTtz/src/Literate.jl:607
│ [34] (::Literate.var"#28#30"{Dict{String, Any}, IOBuffer, Module, Literate.CodeChunk, Int64})()
│ @ Literate ~/.cache/julia-buildkite-plugin/depots/01872db4-8c79-43af-ab7d-12abac4f24f6/packages/Literate/kaTtz/src/Literate.jl:579
│ [35] cd(f::Literate.var"#28#30"{Dict{String, Any}, IOBuffer, Module, Literate.CodeChunk, Int64}, dir::String)
│ @ Base.Filesystem ./file.jl:112
│ [36] markdown(inputfile::String, outputdir::String; config::Dict{Any, Any}, kwargs::@Kwargs{execute::Bool, name::String, documenter::Bool, preprocess::Base.Fix1{typeof(preprocess), String}})
│ @ Literate ~/.cache/julia-buildkite-plugin/depots/01872db4-8c79-43af-ab7d-12abac4f24f6/packages/Literate/kaTtz/src/Literate.jl:578
│ [37] markdown
│ @ ~/.cache/julia-buildkite-plugin/depots/01872db4-8c79-43af-ab7d-12abac4f24f6/packages/Literate/kaTtz/src/Literate.jl:542 [inlined]
│ [38] (::Serialization.__deserialized_types__.var"#2#4"{String, String, Int64})()
│ @ Main /var/lib/buildkite-agent/builds/gpuci-2/julialang/lux-dot-jl/docs/tutorials.jl:33
│ [39] withenv(::Serialization.__deserialized_types__.var"#2#4"{String, String, Int64}, ::Pair{String, String}, ::Vararg{Pair{String, String}})
│ @ Base ./env.jl:256
│ [40] (::Serialization.__deserialized_types__.var"#1#3")(::Tuple{Int64, Tuple{String, String}})
│ @ Main /var/lib/buildkite-agent/builds/gpuci-2/julialang/lux-dot-jl/docs/tutorials.jl:28
│ [41] invokelatest(::Any, ::Any, ::Vararg{Any}; kwargs::@Kwargs{})
│ @ Base ./essentials.jl:887
│ [42] invokelatest(::Any, ::Any, ::Vararg{Any})
│ @ Base ./essentials.jl:884
│ [43] (::Distributed.var"#110#112"{Distributed.CallMsg{:call_fetch}})()
│ @ Distributed ~/.cache/julia-buildkite-plugin/julia_installs/bin/linux/x64/1.10/julia-1.10-latest-linux-x86_64/share/julia/stdlib/v1.10/Distributed/src/process_messages.jl:286
│ [44] run_work_thunk(thunk::Distributed.var"#110#112"{Distributed.CallMsg{:call_fetch}}, print_error::Bool)
│ @ Distributed ~/.cache/julia-buildkite-plugin/julia_installs/bin/linux/x64/1.10/julia-1.10-latest-linux-x86_64/share/julia/stdlib/v1.10/Distributed/src/process_messages.jl:70
│ [45] (::Distributed.var"#109#111"{Distributed.CallMsg{:call_fetch}, Distributed.MsgHeader, Sockets.TCPSocket})()
│ @ Distributed ~/.cache/julia-buildkite-plugin/julia_installs/bin/linux/x64/1.10/julia-1.10-latest-linux-x86_64/share/julia/stdlib/v1.10/Distributed/src/process_messages.jl:286
└ @ Base loading.jl:1295
[91m[1mERROR: [22m[39mLoadError: ArgumentError: Package Zygote [e88e6eb3-aa80-5325-afca-941959d7151f] is required but does not seem to be installed:
- Run `Pkg.instantiate()` to install all recorded dependencies.
Stacktrace:
[1] [0m[1m_require[22m[0m[1m([22m[90mpkg[39m::[0mBase.PkgId, [90menv[39m::[0mString[0m[1m)[22m
[90m @[39m [90mBase[39m [90m./[39m[90m[4mloading.jl:1920[24m[39m
[2] [0m[1m__require_prelocked[22m[0m[1m([22m[90muuidkey[39m::[0mBase.PkgId, [90menv[39m::[0mString[0m[1m)[22m
[90m @[39m [90mBase[39m [90m./[39m[90m[4mloading.jl:1806[24m[39m
[3] [0m[1m#invoke_in_world#3[22m
[90m @[39m [90mBase[39m [90m./[39m[90m[4messentials.jl:921[24m[39m[90m [inlined][39m
[4] [0m[1minvoke_in_world[22m
[90m @[39m [90mBase[39m [90m./[39m[90m[4messentials.jl:918[24m[39m[90m [inlined][39m
[5] [0m[1m_require_prelocked[22m[0m[1m([22m[90muuidkey[39m::[0mBase.PkgId, [90menv[39m::[0mString[0m[1m)[22m
[90m @[39m [90mBase[39m [90m./[39m[90m[4mloading.jl:1797[24m[39m
[6] [0m[1mmacro expansion[22m
[90m @[39m [90mBase[39m [90m./[39m[90m[4mloading.jl:1784[24m[39m[90m [inlined][39m
[7] [0m[1mmacro expansion[22m
[90m @[39m [90mBase[39m [90m./[39m[90m[4mlock.jl:267[24m[39m[90m [inlined][39m
[8] [0m[1m__require[22m[0m[1m([22m[90minto[39m::[0mModule, [90mmod[39m::[0mSymbol[0m[1m)[22m
[90m @[39m [90mBase[39m [90m./[39m[90m[4mloading.jl:1747[24m[39m
[9] [0m[1m#invoke_in_world#3[22m
[90m @[39m [90mBase[39m [90m./[39m[90m[4messentials.jl:921[24m[39m[90m [inlined][39m
[10] [0m[1minvoke_in_world[22m
[90m @[39m [90mBase[39m [90m./[39m[90m[4messentials.jl:918[24m[39m[90m [inlined][39m
[11] [0m[1mrequire[22m[0m[1m([22m[90minto[39m::[0mModule, [90mmod[39m::[0mSymbol[0m[1m)[22m
[90m @[39m [90mBase[39m [90m./[39m[90m[4mloading.jl:1740[24m[39m
[12] top-level scope
[90m @[39m [90m~/.cache/julia-buildkite-plugin/depots/01872db4-8c79-43af-ab7d-12abac4f24f6/packages/LogDensityProblemsAD/OQ0BL/ext/[39m[90m[4mLogDensityProblemsADZygoteExt.jl:11[24m[39m
[13] [0m[1minclude[22m
[90m @[39m [90mBase[39m [90m./[39m[90m[4mBase.jl:495[24m[39m[90m [inlined][39m
[14] [0m[1minclude_package_for_output[22m[0m[1m([22m[90mpkg[39m::[0mBase.PkgId, [90minput[39m::[0mString, [90mdepot_path[39m::[0mVector[90m{String}[39m, [90mdl_load_path[39m::[0mVector[90m{String}[39m, [90mload_path[39m::[0mVector[90m{String}[39m, [90mconcrete_deps[39m::[0mVector[90m{Pair{Base.PkgId, UInt128}}[39m, [90msource[39m::[0mNothing[0m[1m)[22m
[90m @[39m [90mBase[39m [90m./[39m[90m[4mloading.jl:2216[24m[39m
[15] top-level scope
[90m @[39m [90m[4mstdin:3[24m[39m
in expression starting at /root/.cache/julia-buildkite-plugin/depots/01872db4-8c79-43af-ab7d-12abac4f24f6/packages/LogDensityProblemsAD/OQ0BL/ext/LogDensityProblemsADZygoteExt.jl:1
in expression starting at stdin:3
┌ Error: Error during loading of extension LogDensityProblemsADZygoteExt of LogDensityProblemsAD, use `Base.retry_load_extensions()` to retry.
│ exception =
│ 1-element ExceptionStack:
│ Failed to precompile LogDensityProblemsADZygoteExt [a095c3f1-ce7f-5470-bf63-3f8a43b7458e] to "/root/.cache/julia-buildkite-plugin/depots/01872db4-8c79-43af-ab7d-12abac4f24f6/compiled/v1.10/LogDensityProblemsADZygoteExt/jl_zf7Lgn".
│ Stacktrace:
│ [1] error(s::String)
│ @ Base ./error.jl:35
│ [2] compilecache(pkg::Base.PkgId, path::String, internal_stderr::IO, internal_stdout::IO, keep_loaded_modules::Bool)
│ @ Base ./loading.jl:2462
│ [3] compilecache
│ @ Base ./loading.jl:2334 [inlined]
│ [4] (::Base.var"#968#969"{Base.PkgId})()
│ @ Base ./loading.jl:1968
│ [5] mkpidlock(f::Base.var"#968#969"{Base.PkgId}, at::String, pid::Int32; kwopts::@Kwargs{stale_age::Int64, wait::Bool})
│ @ FileWatching.Pidfile ~/.cache/julia-buildkite-plugin/julia_installs/bin/linux/x64/1.10/julia-1.10-latest-linux-x86_64/share/julia/stdlib/v1.10/FileWatching/src/pidfile.jl:93
│ [6] #mkpidlock#6
│ @ FileWatching.Pidfile ~/.cache/julia-buildkite-plugin/julia_installs/bin/linux/x64/1.10/julia-1.10-latest-linux-x86_64/share/julia/stdlib/v1.10/FileWatching/src/pidfile.jl:88 [inlined]
│ [7] trymkpidlock(::Function, ::Vararg{Any}; kwargs::@Kwargs{stale_age::Int64})
│ @ FileWatching.Pidfile ~/.cache/julia-buildkite-plugin/julia_installs/bin/linux/x64/1.10/julia-1.10-latest-linux-x86_64/share/julia/stdlib/v1.10/FileWatching/src/pidfile.jl:111
│ [8] #invokelatest#2
│ @ Base ./essentials.jl:889 [inlined]
│ [9] invokelatest
│ @ Base ./essentials.jl:884 [inlined]
│ [10] maybe_cachefile_lock(f::Base.var"#968#969"{Base.PkgId}, pkg::Base.PkgId, srcpath::String; stale_age::Int64)
│ @ Base ./loading.jl:2977
│ [11] maybe_cachefile_lock
│ @ Base ./loading.jl:2974 [inlined]
│ [12] _require(pkg::Base.PkgId, env::Nothing)
│ @ Base ./loading.jl:1964
│ [13] __require_prelocked(uuidkey::Base.PkgId, env::Nothing)
│ @ Base ./loading.jl:1806
│ [14] #invoke_in_world#3
│ @ Base ./essentials.jl:921 [inlined]
│ [15] invoke_in_world
│ @ Base ./essentials.jl:918 [inlined]
│ [16] _require_prelocked
│ @ Base ./loading.jl:1797 [inlined]
│ [17] _require_prelocked
│ @ Base ./loading.jl:1796 [inlined]
│ [18] run_extension_callbacks(extid::Base.ExtensionId)
│ @ Base ./loading.jl:1289
│ [19] run_extension_callbacks(pkgid::Base.PkgId)
│ @ Base ./loading.jl:1324
│ [20] run_package_callbacks(modkey::Base.PkgId)
│ @ Base ./loading.jl:1158
│ [21] _tryrequire_from_serialized(modkey::Base.PkgId, path::String, ocachepath::Nothing, sourcepath::String, depmods::Vector{Any})
│ @ Base ./loading.jl:1481
│ [22] _require_search_from_serialized(pkg::Base.PkgId, sourcepath::String, build_id::UInt128)
│ @ Base ./loading.jl:1568
│ [23] _require(pkg::Base.PkgId, env::String)
│ @ Base ./loading.jl:1932
│ [24] __require_prelocked(uuidkey::Base.PkgId, env::String)
│ @ Base ./loading.jl:1806
│ [25] #invoke_in_world#3
│ @ Base ./essentials.jl:921 [inlined]
│ [26] invoke_in_world
│ @ Base ./essentials.jl:918 [inlined]
│ [27] _require_prelocked(uuidkey::Base.PkgId, env::String)
│ @ Base ./loading.jl:1797
│ [28] macro expansion
│ @ Base ./loading.jl:1784 [inlined]
│ [29] macro expansion
│ @ Base ./lock.jl:267 [inlined]
│ [30] __require(into::Module, mod::Symbol)
│ @ Base ./loading.jl:1747
│ [31] #invoke_in_world#3
│ @ Base ./essentials.jl:921 [inlined]
│ [32] invoke_in_world
│ @ Base ./essentials.jl:918 [inlined]
│ [33] require(into::Module, mod::Symbol)
│ @ Base ./loading.jl:1740
│ [34] eval
│ @ Core ./boot.jl:385 [inlined]
│ [35] include_string(mapexpr::typeof(identity), mod::Module, code::String, filename::String)
│ @ Base ./loading.jl:2070
│ [36] include_string(mapexpr::Function, mod::Module, code::AbstractString, filename::AbstractString)
│ @ Base ./loading.jl:2080 [inlined]
│ [37] #44
│ @ ~/.cache/julia-buildkite-plugin/depots/01872db4-8c79-43af-ab7d-12abac4f24f6/packages/Literate/kaTtz/src/Literate.jl:863 [inlined]
│ [38] (::IOCapture.var"#4#7"{Core.TypeofBottom, Literate.var"#44#45"{String, Bool, Module, String}, IOContext{Base.PipeEndpoint}, IOContext{Base.PipeEndpoint}, IOContext{Base.PipeEndpoint}, IOContext{Base.PipeEndpoint}})()
│ @ IOCapture ~/.cache/julia-buildkite-plugin/depots/01872db4-8c79-43af-ab7d-12abac4f24f6/packages/IOCapture/Rzdxd/src/IOCapture.jl:161
│ [39] with_logstate(f::Function, logstate::Any)
│ @ Base.CoreLogging ./logging.jl:515
│ [40] with_logger
│ @ ./logging.jl:627 [inlined]
│ [41] capture(f::Literate.var"#44#45"{String, Bool, Module, String}; rethrow::Type, color::Bool, passthrough::Bool, capture_buffer::IOBuffer)
│ @ IOCapture ~/.cache/julia-buildkite-plugin/depots/01872db4-8c79-43af-ab7d-12abac4f24f6/packages/IOCapture/Rzdxd/src/IOCapture.jl:158
│ [42] execute_block(sb::Module, block::String; inputfile::String, fake_source::String, softscope::Bool)
│ @ Literate ~/.cache/julia-buildkite-plugin/depots/01872db4-8c79-43af-ab7d-12abac4f24f6/packages/Literate/kaTtz/src/Literate.jl:859
│ [43] execute_block
│ @ ~/.cache/julia-buildkite-plugin/depots/01872db4-8c79-43af-ab7d-12abac4f24f6/packages/Literate/kaTtz/src/Literate.jl:844 [inlined]
│ [44] execute_markdown!(io::IOBuffer, sb::Module, block::String, outputdir::String; inputfile::String, fake_source::String, flavor::Literate.DocumenterFlavor, image_formats::Vector{Tuple{MIME, String}}, file_prefix::String, softscope::Bool)
│ @ Literate ~/.cache/julia-buildkite-plugin/depots/01872db4-8c79-43af-ab7d-12abac4f24f6/packages/Literate/kaTtz/src/Literate.jl:607
│ [45] (::Literate.var"#28#30"{Dict{String, Any}, IOBuffer, Module, Literate.CodeChunk, Int64})()
│ @ Literate ~/.cache/julia-buildkite-plugin/depots/01872db4-8c79-43af-ab7d-12abac4f24f6/packages/Literate/kaTtz/src/Literate.jl:579
│ [46] cd(f::Literate.var"#28#30"{Dict{String, Any}, IOBuffer, Module, Literate.CodeChunk, Int64}, dir::String)
│ @ Base.Filesystem ./file.jl:112
│ [47] markdown(inputfile::String, outputdir::String; config::Dict{Any, Any}, kwargs::@Kwargs{execute::Bool, name::String, documenter::Bool, preprocess::Base.Fix1{typeof(preprocess), String}})
│ @ Literate ~/.cache/julia-buildkite-plugin/depots/01872db4-8c79-43af-ab7d-12abac4f24f6/packages/Literate/kaTtz/src/Literate.jl:578
│ [48] markdown
│ @ ~/.cache/julia-buildkite-plugin/depots/01872db4-8c79-43af-ab7d-12abac4f24f6/packages/Literate/kaTtz/src/Literate.jl:542 [inlined]
│ [49] (::Serialization.__deserialized_types__.var"#2#4"{String, String, Int64})()
│ @ Main /var/lib/buildkite-agent/builds/gpuci-2/julialang/lux-dot-jl/docs/tutorials.jl:33
│ [50] withenv(::Serialization.__deserialized_types__.var"#2#4"{String, String, Int64}, ::Pair{String, String}, ::Vararg{Pair{String, String}})
│ @ Base ./env.jl:256
│ [51] (::Serialization.__deserialized_types__.var"#1#3")(::Tuple{Int64, Tuple{String, String}})
│ @ Main /var/lib/buildkite-agent/builds/gpuci-2/julialang/lux-dot-jl/docs/tutorials.jl:28
│ [52] invokelatest(::Any, ::Any, ::Vararg{Any}; kwargs::@Kwargs{})
│ @ Base ./essentials.jl:887
│ [53] invokelatest(::Any, ::Any, ::Vararg{Any})
│ @ Base ./essentials.jl:884
│ [54] (::Distributed.var"#110#112"{Distributed.CallMsg{:call_fetch}})()
│ @ Distributed ~/.cache/julia-buildkite-plugin/julia_installs/bin/linux/x64/1.10/julia-1.10-latest-linux-x86_64/share/julia/stdlib/v1.10/Distributed/src/process_messages.jl:286
│ [55] run_work_thunk(thunk::Distributed.var"#110#112"{Distributed.CallMsg{:call_fetch}}, print_error::Bool)
│ @ Distributed ~/.cache/julia-buildkite-plugin/julia_installs/bin/linux/x64/1.10/julia-1.10-latest-linux-x86_64/share/julia/stdlib/v1.10/Distributed/src/process_messages.jl:70
└ @ Base loading.jl:1295
[91m[1mERROR: [22m[39mLoadError: ArgumentError: Package CUDA [052768ef-5323-5732-b1bb-66c8b64840ba] is required but does not seem to be installed:
- Run `Pkg.instantiate()` to install all recorded dependencies.
Stacktrace:
[1] [0m[1m_require[22m[0m[1m([22m[90mpkg[39m::[0mBase.PkgId, [90menv[39m::[0mString[0m[1m)[22m
[90m @[39m [90mBase[39m [90m./[39m[90m[4mloading.jl:1920[24m[39m
[2] [0m[1m__require_prelocked[22m[0m[1m([22m[90muuidkey[39m::[0mBase.PkgId, [90menv[39m::[0mString[0m[1m)[22m
[90m @[39m [90mBase[39m [90m./[39m[90m[4mloading.jl:1806[24m[39m
[3] [0m[1m#invoke_in_world#3[22m
[90m @[39m [90mBase[39m [90m./[39m[90m[4messentials.jl:921[24m[39m[90m [inlined][39m
[4] [0m[1minvoke_in_world[22m
[90m @[39m [90mBase[39m [90m./[39m[90m[4messentials.jl:918[24m[39m[90m [inlined][39m
[5] [0m[1m_require_prelocked[22m[0m[1m([22m[90muuidkey[39m::[0mBase.PkgId, [90menv[39m::[0mString[0m[1m)[22m
[90m @[39m [90mBase[39m [90m./[39m[90m[4mloading.jl:1797[24m[39m
[6] [0m[1mmacro expansion[22m
[90m @[39m [90mBase[39m [90m./[39m[90m[4mloading.jl:1784[24m[39m[90m [inlined][39m
[7] [0m[1mmacro expansion[22m
[90m @[39m [90mBase[39m [90m./[39m[90m[4mlock.jl:267[24m[39m[90m [inlined][39m
[8] [0m[1m__require[22m[0m[1m([22m[90minto[39m::[0mModule, [90mmod[39m::[0mSymbol[0m[1m)[22m
[90m @[39m [90mBase[39m [90m./[39m[90m[4mloading.jl:1747[24m[39m
[9] [0m[1m#invoke_in_world#3[22m
[90m @[39m [90mBase[39m [90m./[39m[90m[4messentials.jl:921[24m[39m[90m [inlined][39m
[10] [0m[1minvoke_in_world[22m
[90m @[39m [90mBase[39m [90m./[39m[90m[4messentials.jl:918[24m[39m[90m [inlined][39m
[11] [0m[1mrequire[22m[0m[1m([22m[90minto[39m::[0mModule, [90mmod[39m::[0mSymbol[0m[1m)[22m
[90m @[39m [90mBase[39m [90m./[39m[90m[4mloading.jl:1740[24m[39m
[12] top-level scope
[90m @[39m [90m~/.cache/julia-buildkite-plugin/depots/01872db4-8c79-43af-ab7d-12abac4f24f6/packages/AdvancedHMC/AlvV4/ext/[39m[90m[4mAdvancedHMCCUDAExt.jl:5[24m[39m
[13] [0m[1minclude[22m
[90m @[39m [90mBase[39m [90m./[39m[90m[4mBase.jl:495[24m[39m[90m [inlined][39m
[14] [0m[1minclude_package_for_output[22m[0m[1m([22m[90mpkg[39m::[0mBase.PkgId, [90minput[39m::[0mString, [90mdepot_path[39m::[0mVector[90m{String}[39m, [90mdl_load_path[39m::[0mVector[90m{String}[39m, [90mload_path[39m::[0mVector[90m{String}[39m, [90mconcrete_deps[39m::[0mVector[90m{Pair{Base.PkgId, UInt128}}[39m, [90msource[39m::[0mNothing[0m[1m)[22m
[90m @[39m [90mBase[39m [90m./[39m[90m[4mloading.jl:2216[24m[39m
[15] top-level scope
[90m @[39m [90m[4mstdin:3[24m[39m
in expression starting at /root/.cache/julia-buildkite-plugin/depots/01872db4-8c79-43af-ab7d-12abac4f24f6/packages/AdvancedHMC/AlvV4/ext/AdvancedHMCCUDAExt.jl:1
in expression starting at stdin:3
┌ Error: Error during loading of extension AdvancedHMCCUDAExt of AdvancedHMC, use `Base.retry_load_extensions()` to retry.
│ exception =
│ 1-element ExceptionStack:
│ Failed to precompile AdvancedHMCCUDAExt [325ebabc-4626-5639-82e6-98efd0e385b0] to "/root/.cache/julia-buildkite-plugin/depots/01872db4-8c79-43af-ab7d-12abac4f24f6/compiled/v1.10/AdvancedHMCCUDAExt/jl_j4Twem".
│ Stacktrace:
│ [1] error(s::String)
│ @ Base ./error.jl:35
│ [2] compilecache(pkg::Base.PkgId, path::String, internal_stderr::IO, internal_stdout::IO, keep_loaded_modules::Bool)
│ @ Base ./loading.jl:2462
│ [3] compilecache
│ @ Base ./loading.jl:2334 [inlined]
│ [4] (::Base.var"#968#969"{Base.PkgId})()
│ @ Base ./loading.jl:1968
│ [5] mkpidlock(f::Base.var"#968#969"{Base.PkgId}, at::String, pid::Int32; kwopts::@Kwargs{stale_age::Int64, wait::Bool})
│ @ FileWatching.Pidfile ~/.cache/julia-buildkite-plugin/julia_installs/bin/linux/x64/1.10/julia-1.10-latest-linux-x86_64/share/julia/stdlib/v1.10/FileWatching/src/pidfile.jl:93
│ [6] #mkpidlock#6
│ @ FileWatching.Pidfile ~/.cache/julia-buildkite-plugin/julia_installs/bin/linux/x64/1.10/julia-1.10-latest-linux-x86_64/share/julia/stdlib/v1.10/FileWatching/src/pidfile.jl:88 [inlined]
│ [7] trymkpidlock(::Function, ::Vararg{Any}; kwargs::@Kwargs{stale_age::Int64})
│ @ FileWatching.Pidfile ~/.cache/julia-buildkite-plugin/julia_installs/bin/linux/x64/1.10/julia-1.10-latest-linux-x86_64/share/julia/stdlib/v1.10/FileWatching/src/pidfile.jl:111
│ [8] #invokelatest#2
│ @ Base ./essentials.jl:889 [inlined]
│ [9] invokelatest
│ @ Base ./essentials.jl:884 [inlined]
│ [10] maybe_cachefile_lock(f::Base.var"#968#969"{Base.PkgId}, pkg::Base.PkgId, srcpath::String; stale_age::Int64)
│ @ Base ./loading.jl:2977
│ [11] maybe_cachefile_lock
│ @ Base ./loading.jl:2974 [inlined]
│ [12] _require(pkg::Base.PkgId, env::Nothing)
│ @ Base ./loading.jl:1964
│ [13] __require_prelocked(uuidkey::Base.PkgId, env::Nothing)
│ @ Base ./loading.jl:1806
│ [14] #invoke_in_world#3
│ @ Base ./essentials.jl:921 [inlined]
│ [15] invoke_in_world
│ @ Base ./essentials.jl:918 [inlined]
│ [16] _require_prelocked
│ @ Base ./loading.jl:1797 [inlined]
│ [17] _require_prelocked
│ @ Base ./loading.jl:1796 [inlined]
│ [18] run_extension_callbacks(extid::Base.ExtensionId)
│ @ Base ./loading.jl:1289
│ [19] run_extension_callbacks(pkgid::Base.PkgId)
│ @ Base ./loading.jl:1324
│ [20] run_package_callbacks(modkey::Base.PkgId)
│ @ Base ./loading.jl:1158
│ [21] _tryrequire_from_serialized(modkey::Base.PkgId, path::String, ocachepath::Nothing, sourcepath::String, depmods::Vector{Any})
│ @ Base ./loading.jl:1481
│ [22] _require_search_from_serialized(pkg::Base.PkgId, sourcepath::String, build_id::UInt128)
│ @ Base ./loading.jl:1568
│ [23] _require(pkg::Base.PkgId, env::String)
│ @ Base ./loading.jl:1932
│ [24] __require_prelocked(uuidkey::Base.PkgId, env::String)
│ @ Base ./loading.jl:1806
│ [25] #invoke_in_world#3
│ @ Base ./essentials.jl:921 [inlined]
│ [26] invoke_in_world
│ @ Base ./essentials.jl:918 [inlined]
│ [27] _require_prelocked(uuidkey::Base.PkgId, env::String)
│ @ Base ./loading.jl:1797
│ [28] macro expansion
│ @ Base ./loading.jl:1784 [inlined]
│ [29] macro expansion
│ @ Base ./lock.jl:267 [inlined]
│ [30] __require(into::Module, mod::Symbol)
│ @ Base ./loading.jl:1747
│ [31] #invoke_in_world#3
│ @ Base ./essentials.jl:921 [inlined]
│ [32] invoke_in_world
│ @ Base ./essentials.jl:918 [inlined]
│ [33] require(into::Module, mod::Symbol)
│ @ Base ./loading.jl:1740
│ [34] eval
│ @ Core ./boot.jl:385 [inlined]
│ [35] include_string(mapexpr::typeof(identity), mod::Module, code::String, filename::String)
│ @ Base ./loading.jl:2070
│ [36] include_string(mapexpr::Function, mod::Module, code::AbstractString, filename::AbstractString)
│ @ Base ./loading.jl:2080 [inlined]
│ [37] #44
│ @ ~/.cache/julia-buildkite-plugin/depots/01872db4-8c79-43af-ab7d-12abac4f24f6/packages/Literate/kaTtz/src/Literate.jl:863 [inlined]
│ [38] (::IOCapture.var"#4#7"{Core.TypeofBottom, Literate.var"#44#45"{String, Bool, Module, String}, IOContext{Base.PipeEndpoint}, IOContext{Base.PipeEndpoint}, IOContext{Base.PipeEndpoint}, IOContext{Base.PipeEndpoint}})()
│ @ IOCapture ~/.cache/julia-buildkite-plugin/depots/01872db4-8c79-43af-ab7d-12abac4f24f6/packages/IOCapture/Rzdxd/src/IOCapture.jl:161
│ [39] with_logstate(f::Function, logstate::Any)
│ @ Base.CoreLogging ./logging.jl:515
│ [40] with_logger
│ @ ./logging.jl:627 [inlined]
│ [41] capture(f::Literate.var"#44#45"{String, Bool, Module, String}; rethrow::Type, color::Bool, passthrough::Bool, capture_buffer::IOBuffer)
│ @ IOCapture ~/.cache/julia-buildkite-plugin/depots/01872db4-8c79-43af-ab7d-12abac4f24f6/packages/IOCapture/Rzdxd/src/IOCapture.jl:158
│ [42] execute_block(sb::Module, block::String; inputfile::String, fake_source::String, softscope::Bool)
│ @ Literate ~/.cache/julia-buildkite-plugin/depots/01872db4-8c79-43af-ab7d-12abac4f24f6/packages/Literate/kaTtz/src/Literate.jl:859
│ [43] execute_block
│ @ ~/.cache/julia-buildkite-plugin/depots/01872db4-8c79-43af-ab7d-12abac4f24f6/packages/Literate/kaTtz/src/Literate.jl:844 [inlined]
│ [44] execute_markdown!(io::IOBuffer, sb::Module, block::String, outputdir::String; inputfile::String, fake_source::String, flavor::Literate.DocumenterFlavor, image_formats::Vector{Tuple{MIME, String}}, file_prefix::String, softscope::Bool)
│ @ Literate ~/.cache/julia-buildkite-plugin/depots/01872db4-8c79-43af-ab7d-12abac4f24f6/packages/Literate/kaTtz/src/Literate.jl:607
│ [45] (::Literate.var"#28#30"{Dict{String, Any}, IOBuffer, Module, Literate.CodeChunk, Int64})()
│ @ Literate ~/.cache/julia-buildkite-plugin/depots/01872db4-8c79-43af-ab7d-12abac4f24f6/packages/Literate/kaTtz/src/Literate.jl:579
│ [46] cd(f::Literate.var"#28#30"{Dict{String, Any}, IOBuffer, Module, Literate.CodeChunk, Int64}, dir::String)
│ @ Base.Filesystem ./file.jl:112
│ [47] markdown(inputfile::String, outputdir::String; config::Dict{Any, Any}, kwargs::@Kwargs{execute::Bool, name::String, documenter::Bool, preprocess::Base.Fix1{typeof(preprocess), String}})
│ @ Literate ~/.cache/julia-buildkite-plugin/depots/01872db4-8c79-43af-ab7d-12abac4f24f6/packages/Literate/kaTtz/src/Literate.jl:578
│ [48] markdown
│ @ ~/.cache/julia-buildkite-plugin/depots/01872db4-8c79-43af-ab7d-12abac4f24f6/packages/Literate/kaTtz/src/Literate.jl:542 [inlined]
│ [49] (::Serialization.__deserialized_types__.var"#2#4"{String, String, Int64})()
│ @ Main /var/lib/buildkite-agent/builds/gpuci-2/julialang/lux-dot-jl/docs/tutorials.jl:33
│ [50] withenv(::Serialization.__deserialized_types__.var"#2#4"{String, String, Int64}, ::Pair{String, String}, ::Vararg{Pair{String, String}})
│ @ Base ./env.jl:256
│ [51] (::Serialization.__deserialized_types__.var"#1#3")(::Tuple{Int64, Tuple{String, String}})
│ @ Main /var/lib/buildkite-agent/builds/gpuci-2/julialang/lux-dot-jl/docs/tutorials.jl:28
│ [52] invokelatest(::Any, ::Any, ::Vararg{Any}; kwargs::@Kwargs{})
│ @ Base ./essentials.jl:887
│ [53] invokelatest(::Any, ::Any, ::Vararg{Any})
│ @ Base ./essentials.jl:884
│ [54] (::Distributed.var"#110#112"{Distributed.CallMsg{:call_fetch}})()
│ @ Distributed ~/.cache/julia-buildkite-plugin/julia_installs/bin/linux/x64/1.10/julia-1.10-latest-linux-x86_64/share/julia/stdlib/v1.10/Distributed/src/process_messages.jl:286
│ [55] run_work_thunk(thunk::Distributed.var"#110#112"{Distributed.CallMsg{:call_fetch}}, print_error::Bool)
│ @ Distributed ~/.cache/julia-buildkite-plugin/julia_installs/bin/linux/x64/1.10/julia-1.10-latest-linux-x86_64/share/julia/stdlib/v1.10/Distributed/src/process_messages.jl:70
└ @ Base loading.jl:1295
┌ Error: Error during loading of extension ComponentArraysRecursiveArrayToolsExt of ComponentArrays, use `Base.retry_load_extensions()` to retry.
│ exception =
│ 1-element ExceptionStack:
│ ArgumentError: Package ComponentArraysRecursiveArrayToolsExt [eb027ef3-389c-5561-b3ad-95c7d3310487] is required but does not seem to be installed:
│ - Run `Pkg.instantiate()` to install all recorded dependencies.
│
│ Stacktrace:
│ [1] _require(pkg::Base.PkgId, env::Nothing)
│ @ Base ./loading.jl:1920
│ [2] __require_prelocked(uuidkey::Base.PkgId, env::Nothing)
│ @ Base ./loading.jl:1806
│ [3] #invoke_in_world#3
│ @ Base ./essentials.jl:921 [inlined]
│ [4] invoke_in_world
│ @ Base ./essentials.jl:918 [inlined]
│ [5] _require_prelocked
│ @ Base ./loading.jl:1797 [inlined]
│ [6] _require_prelocked
│ @ Base ./loading.jl:1796 [inlined]
│ [7] run_extension_callbacks(extid::Base.ExtensionId)
│ @ Base ./loading.jl:1289
│ [8] run_extension_callbacks(pkgid::Base.PkgId)
│ @ Base ./loading.jl:1324
│ [9] run_package_callbacks(modkey::Base.PkgId)
│ @ Base ./loading.jl:1158
│ [10] _tryrequire_from_serialized(modkey::Base.PkgId, path::String, ocachepath::Nothing, sourcepath::String, depmods::Vector{Any})
│ @ Base ./loading.jl:1481
│ [11] _require_search_from_serialized(pkg::Base.PkgId, sourcepath::String, build_id::UInt128)
│ @ Base ./loading.jl:1568
│ [12] _require(pkg::Base.PkgId, env::String)
│ @ Base ./loading.jl:1932
│ [13] __require_prelocked(uuidkey::Base.PkgId, env::String)
│ @ Base ./loading.jl:1806
│ [14] #invoke_in_world#3
│ @ Base ./essentials.jl:921 [inlined]
│ [15] invoke_in_world
│ @ Base ./essentials.jl:918 [inlined]
│ [16] _require_prelocked(uuidkey::Base.PkgId, env::String)
│ @ Base ./loading.jl:1797
│ [17] macro expansion
│ @ Base ./loading.jl:1784 [inlined]
│ [18] macro expansion
│ @ Base ./lock.jl:267 [inlined]
│ [19] __require(into::Module, mod::Symbol)
│ @ Base ./loading.jl:1747
│ [20] #invoke_in_world#3
│ @ Base ./essentials.jl:921 [inlined]
│ [21] invoke_in_world
│ @ Base ./essentials.jl:918 [inlined]
│ [22] require(into::Module, mod::Symbol)
│ @ Base ./loading.jl:1740
│ [23] eval
│ @ Core ./boot.jl:385 [inlined]
│ [24] include_string(mapexpr::typeof(identity), mod::Module, code::String, filename::String)
│ @ Base ./loading.jl:2070
│ [25] include_string(mapexpr::Function, mod::Module, code::AbstractString, filename::AbstractString)
│ @ Base ./loading.jl:2080 [inlined]
│ [26] #44
│ @ ~/.cache/julia-buildkite-plugin/depots/01872db4-8c79-43af-ab7d-12abac4f24f6/packages/Literate/kaTtz/src/Literate.jl:863 [inlined]
│ [27] (::IOCapture.var"#4#7"{Core.TypeofBottom, Literate.var"#44#45"{String, Bool, Module, String}, IOContext{Base.PipeEndpoint}, IOContext{Base.PipeEndpoint}, IOContext{Base.PipeEndpoint}, IOContext{Base.PipeEndpoint}})()
│ @ IOCapture ~/.cache/julia-buildkite-plugin/depots/01872db4-8c79-43af-ab7d-12abac4f24f6/packages/IOCapture/Rzdxd/src/IOCapture.jl:161
│ [28] with_logstate(f::Function, logstate::Any)
│ @ Base.CoreLogging ./logging.jl:515
│ [29] with_logger
│ @ ./logging.jl:627 [inlined]
│ [30] capture(f::Literate.var"#44#45"{String, Bool, Module, String}; rethrow::Type, color::Bool, passthrough::Bool, capture_buffer::IOBuffer)
│ @ IOCapture ~/.cache/julia-buildkite-plugin/depots/01872db4-8c79-43af-ab7d-12abac4f24f6/packages/IOCapture/Rzdxd/src/IOCapture.jl:158
│ [31] execute_block(sb::Module, block::String; inputfile::String, fake_source::String, softscope::Bool)
│ @ Literate ~/.cache/julia-buildkite-plugin/depots/01872db4-8c79-43af-ab7d-12abac4f24f6/packages/Literate/kaTtz/src/Literate.jl:859
│ [32] execute_block
│ @ ~/.cache/julia-buildkite-plugin/depots/01872db4-8c79-43af-ab7d-12abac4f24f6/packages/Literate/kaTtz/src/Literate.jl:844 [inlined]
│ [33] execute_markdown!(io::IOBuffer, sb::Module, block::String, outputdir::String; inputfile::String, fake_source::String, flavor::Literate.DocumenterFlavor, image_formats::Vector{Tuple{MIME, String}}, file_prefix::String, softscope::Bool)
│ @ Literate ~/.cache/julia-buildkite-plugin/depots/01872db4-8c79-43af-ab7d-12abac4f24f6/packages/Literate/kaTtz/src/Literate.jl:607
│ [34] (::Literate.var"#28#30"{Dict{String, Any}, IOBuffer, Module, Literate.CodeChunk, Int64})()
│ @ Literate ~/.cache/julia-buildkite-plugin/depots/01872db4-8c79-43af-ab7d-12abac4f24f6/packages/Literate/kaTtz/src/Literate.jl:579
│ [35] cd(f::Literate.var"#28#30"{Dict{String, Any}, IOBuffer, Module, Literate.CodeChunk, Int64}, dir::String)
│ @ Base.Filesystem ./file.jl:112
│ [36] markdown(inputfile::String, outputdir::String; config::Dict{Any, Any}, kwargs::@Kwargs{execute::Bool, name::String, documenter::Bool, preprocess::Base.Fix1{typeof(preprocess), String}})
│ @ Literate ~/.cache/julia-buildkite-plugin/depots/01872db4-8c79-43af-ab7d-12abac4f24f6/packages/Literate/kaTtz/src/Literate.jl:578
│ [37] markdown
│ @ ~/.cache/julia-buildkite-plugin/depots/01872db4-8c79-43af-ab7d-12abac4f24f6/packages/Literate/kaTtz/src/Literate.jl:542 [inlined]
│ [38] (::Serialization.__deserialized_types__.var"#2#4"{String, String, Int64})()
│ @ Main /var/lib/buildkite-agent/builds/gpuci-2/julialang/lux-dot-jl/docs/tutorials.jl:33
│ [39] withenv(::Serialization.__deserialized_types__.var"#2#4"{String, String, Int64}, ::Pair{String, String}, ::Vararg{Pair{String, String}})
│ @ Base ./env.jl:256
│ [40] (::Serialization.__deserialized_types__.var"#1#3")(::Tuple{Int64, Tuple{String, String}})
│ @ Main /var/lib/buildkite-agent/builds/gpuci-2/julialang/lux-dot-jl/docs/tutorials.jl:28
│ [41] invokelatest(::Any, ::Any, ::Vararg{Any}; kwargs::@Kwargs{})
│ @ Base ./essentials.jl:887
│ [42] invokelatest(::Any, ::Any, ::Vararg{Any})
│ @ Base ./essentials.jl:884
│ [43] (::Distributed.var"#110#112"{Distributed.CallMsg{:call_fetch}})()
│ @ Distributed ~/.cache/julia-buildkite-plugin/julia_installs/bin/linux/x64/1.10/julia-1.10-latest-linux-x86_64/share/julia/stdlib/v1.10/Distributed/src/process_messages.jl:286
│ [44] run_work_thunk(thunk::Distributed.var"#110#112"{Distributed.CallMsg{:call_fetch}}, print_error::Bool)
│ @ Distributed ~/.cache/julia-buildkite-plugin/julia_installs/bin/linux/x64/1.10/julia-1.10-latest-linux-x86_64/share/julia/stdlib/v1.10/Distributed/src/process_messages.jl:70
│ [45] (::Distributed.var"#109#111"{Distributed.CallMsg{:call_fetch}, Distributed.MsgHeader, Sockets.TCPSocket})()
│ @ Distributed ~/.cache/julia-buildkite-plugin/julia_installs/bin/linux/x64/1.10/julia-1.10-latest-linux-x86_64/share/julia/stdlib/v1.10/Distributed/src/process_messages.jl:286
└ @ Base loading.jl:1295
┌ Error: Error during loading of extension ComponentArraysSciMLBaseExt of ComponentArrays, use `Base.retry_load_extensions()` to retry.
│ exception =
│ 1-element ExceptionStack:
│ ArgumentError: Package ComponentArraysSciMLBaseExt [4f110ecc-9415-5188-843d-6e96dffda943] is required but does not seem to be installed:
│ - Run `Pkg.instantiate()` to install all recorded dependencies.
│
│ Stacktrace:
│ [1] _require(pkg::Base.PkgId, env::Nothing)
│ @ Base ./loading.jl:1920
│ [2] __require_prelocked(uuidkey::Base.PkgId, env::Nothing)
│ @ Base ./loading.jl:1806
│ [3] #invoke_in_world#3
│ @ Base ./essentials.jl:921 [inlined]
│ [4] invoke_in_world
│ @ Base ./essentials.jl:918 [inlined]
│ [5] _require_prelocked
│ @ Base ./loading.jl:1797 [inlined]
│ [6] _require_prelocked
│ @ Base ./loading.jl:1796 [inlined]
│ [7] run_extension_callbacks(extid::Base.ExtensionId)
│ @ Base ./loading.jl:1289
│ [8] run_extension_callbacks(pkgid::Base.PkgId)
│ @ Base ./loading.jl:1324
│ [9] run_package_callbacks(modkey::Base.PkgId)
│ @ Base ./loading.jl:1158
│ [10] _tryrequire_from_serialized(modkey::Base.PkgId, path::String, ocachepath::Nothing, sourcepath::String, depmods::Vector{Any})
│ @ Base ./loading.jl:1481
│ [11] _require_search_from_serialized(pkg::Base.PkgId, sourcepath::String, build_id::UInt128)
│ @ Base ./loading.jl:1568
│ [12] _require(pkg::Base.PkgId, env::String)
│ @ Base ./loading.jl:1932
│ [13] __require_prelocked(uuidkey::Base.PkgId, env::String)
│ @ Base ./loading.jl:1806
│ [14] #invoke_in_world#3
│ @ Base ./essentials.jl:921 [inlined]
│ [15] invoke_in_world
│ @ Base ./essentials.jl:918 [inlined]
│ [16] _require_prelocked(uuidkey::Base.PkgId, env::String)
│ @ Base ./loading.jl:1797
│ [17] macro expansion
│ @ Base ./loading.jl:1784 [inlined]
│ [18] macro expansion
│ @ Base ./lock.jl:267 [inlined]
│ [19] __require(into::Module, mod::Symbol)
│ @ Base ./loading.jl:1747
│ [20] #invoke_in_world#3
│ @ Base ./essentials.jl:921 [inlined]
│ [21] invoke_in_world
│ @ Base ./essentials.jl:918 [inlined]
│ [22] require(into::Module, mod::Symbol)
│ @ Base ./loading.jl:1740
│ [23] eval
│ @ Core ./boot.jl:385 [inlined]
│ [24] include_string(mapexpr::typeof(identity), mod::Module, code::String, filename::String)
│ @ Base ./loading.jl:2070
│ [25] include_string(mapexpr::Function, mod::Module, code::AbstractString, filename::AbstractString)
│ @ Base ./loading.jl:2080 [inlined]
│ [26] #44
│ @ ~/.cache/julia-buildkite-plugin/depots/01872db4-8c79-43af-ab7d-12abac4f24f6/packages/Literate/kaTtz/src/Literate.jl:863 [inlined]
│ [27] (::IOCapture.var"#4#7"{Core.TypeofBottom, Literate.var"#44#45"{String, Bool, Module, String}, IOContext{Base.PipeEndpoint}, IOContext{Base.PipeEndpoint}, IOContext{Base.PipeEndpoint}, IOContext{Base.PipeEndpoint}})()
│ @ IOCapture ~/.cache/julia-buildkite-plugin/depots/01872db4-8c79-43af-ab7d-12abac4f24f6/packages/IOCapture/Rzdxd/src/IOCapture.jl:161
│ [28] with_logstate(f::Function, logstate::Any)
│ @ Base.CoreLogging ./logging.jl:515
│ [29] with_logger
│ @ ./logging.jl:627 [inlined]
│ [30] capture(f::Literate.var"#44#45"{String, Bool, Module, String}; rethrow::Type, color::Bool, passthrough::Bool, capture_buffer::IOBuffer)
│ @ IOCapture ~/.cache/julia-buildkite-plugin/depots/01872db4-8c79-43af-ab7d-12abac4f24f6/packages/IOCapture/Rzdxd/src/IOCapture.jl:158
│ [31] execute_block(sb::Module, block::String; inputfile::String, fake_source::String, softscope::Bool)
│ @ Literate ~/.cache/julia-buildkite-plugin/depots/01872db4-8c79-43af-ab7d-12abac4f24f6/packages/Literate/kaTtz/src/Literate.jl:859
│ [32] execute_block
│ @ ~/.cache/julia-buildkite-plugin/depots/01872db4-8c79-43af-ab7d-12abac4f24f6/packages/Literate/kaTtz/src/Literate.jl:844 [inlined]
│ [33] execute_markdown!(io::IOBuffer, sb::Module, block::String, outputdir::String; inputfile::String, fake_source::String, flavor::Literate.DocumenterFlavor, image_formats::Vector{Tuple{MIME, String}}, file_prefix::String, softscope::Bool)
│ @ Literate ~/.cache/julia-buildkite-plugin/depots/01872db4-8c79-43af-ab7d-12abac4f24f6/packages/Literate/kaTtz/src/Literate.jl:607
│ [34] (::Literate.var"#28#30"{Dict{String, Any}, IOBuffer, Module, Literate.CodeChunk, Int64})()
│ @ Literate ~/.cache/julia-buildkite-plugin/depots/01872db4-8c79-43af-ab7d-12abac4f24f6/packages/Literate/kaTtz/src/Literate.jl:579
│ [35] cd(f::Literate.var"#28#30"{Dict{String, Any}, IOBuffer, Module, Literate.CodeChunk, Int64}, dir::String)
│ @ Base.Filesystem ./file.jl:112
│ [36] markdown(inputfile::String, outputdir::String; config::Dict{Any, Any}, kwargs::@Kwargs{execute::Bool, name::String, documenter::Bool, preprocess::Base.Fix1{typeof(preprocess), String}})
│ @ Literate ~/.cache/julia-buildkite-plugin/depots/01872db4-8c79-43af-ab7d-12abac4f24f6/packages/Literate/kaTtz/src/Literate.jl:578
│ [37] markdown
│ @ ~/.cache/julia-buildkite-plugin/depots/01872db4-8c79-43af-ab7d-12abac4f24f6/packages/Literate/kaTtz/src/Literate.jl:542 [inlined]
│ [38] (::Serialization.__deserialized_types__.var"#2#4"{String, String, Int64})()
│ @ Main /var/lib/buildkite-agent/builds/gpuci-2/julialang/lux-dot-jl/docs/tutorials.jl:33
│ [39] withenv(::Serialization.__deserialized_types__.var"#2#4"{String, String, Int64}, ::Pair{String, String}, ::Vararg{Pair{String, String}})
│ @ Base ./env.jl:256
│ [40] (::Serialization.__deserialized_types__.var"#1#3")(::Tuple{Int64, Tuple{String, String}})
│ @ Main /var/lib/buildkite-agent/builds/gpuci-2/julialang/lux-dot-jl/docs/tutorials.jl:28
│ [41] invokelatest(::Any, ::Any, ::Vararg{Any}; kwargs::@Kwargs{})
│ @ Base ./essentials.jl:887
│ [42] invokelatest(::Any, ::Any, ::Vararg{Any})
│ @ Base ./essentials.jl:884
│ [43] (::Distributed.var"#110#112"{Distributed.CallMsg{:call_fetch}})()
│ @ Distributed ~/.cache/julia-buildkite-plugin/julia_installs/bin/linux/x64/1.10/julia-1.10-latest-linux-x86_64/share/julia/stdlib/v1.10/Distributed/src/process_messages.jl:286
│ [44] run_work_thunk(thunk::Distributed.var"#110#112"{Distributed.CallMsg{:call_fetch}}, print_error::Bool)
│ @ Distributed ~/.cache/julia-buildkite-plugin/julia_installs/bin/linux/x64/1.10/julia-1.10-latest-linux-x86_64/share/julia/stdlib/v1.10/Distributed/src/process_messages.jl:70
│ [45] (::Distributed.var"#109#111"{Distributed.CallMsg{:call_fetch}, Distributed.MsgHeader, Sockets.TCPSocket})()
│ @ Distributed ~/.cache/julia-buildkite-plugin/julia_installs/bin/linux/x64/1.10/julia-1.10-latest-linux-x86_64/share/julia/stdlib/v1.10/Distributed/src/process_messages.jl:286
└ @ Base loading.jl:1295
[ Info: [Turing]: progress logging is enabled globally
[ Info: [AdvancedVI]: global PROGRESS is set as true
┌ Warning: `ADBACKEND` and `setbackend` are deprecated. Please specify the chunk size directly in the sampler constructor, e.g., `HMC(0.1, 5; adtype=AutoForwardDiff(; chunksize=0))`.
│ This function has no effects.
│ caller = ip:0x0
└ @ Core :-1
Generating data
Our goal here is to use a Bayesian neural network to classify points in an artificial dataset. The code below generates data points arranged in a box-like pattern and displays a graph of the dataset we’ll be working with.
# Number of points to generate
N = 80
M = round(Int, N / 4)
rng = Random.default_rng()
Random.seed!(rng, 1234)
# Generate artificial data
x1s = rand(rng, Float32, M) * 4.5f0;
x2s = rand(rng, Float32, M) * 4.5f0;
xt1s = Array([[x1s[i] + 0.5f0; x2s[i] + 0.5f0] for i in 1:M])
x1s = rand(rng, Float32, M) * 4.5f0;
x2s = rand(rng, Float32, M) * 4.5f0;
append!(xt1s, Array([[x1s[i] - 5.0f0; x2s[i] - 5.0f0] for i in 1:M]))
x1s = rand(rng, Float32, M) * 4.5f0;
x2s = rand(rng, Float32, M) * 4.5f0;
xt0s = Array([[x1s[i] + 0.5f0; x2s[i] - 5.0f0] for i in 1:M])
x1s = rand(rng, Float32, M) * 4.5f0;
x2s = rand(rng, Float32, M) * 4.5f0;
append!(xt0s, Array([[x1s[i] - 5.0f0; x2s[i] + 0.5f0] for i in 1:M]))
# Store all the data for later
xs = [xt1s; xt0s]
ts = [ones(2 * M); zeros(2 * M)]
# Plot data points
function plot_data()
x1 = first.(xt1s)
y1 = last.(xt1s)
x2 = first.(xt0s)
y2 = last.(xt0s)
fig = with_theme(theme_web()) do
fig = Figure()
ax = CairoMakie.Axis(fig[1, 1]; xlabel="x", ylabel="y")
scatter!(ax, x1, y1; markersize=8, color=:red, strokecolor=:black, strokewidth=1)
scatter!(ax, x2, y2; markersize=8, color=:blue, strokecolor=:black, strokewidth=1)
return fig
end
return fig
end
plot_data()
Building the Neural Network
The next step is to define a feedforward neural network where we express our parameters as distributions, and not single points as with traditional neural networks. For this we will use Dense to define liner layers and compose them via Chain, both are neural network primitives from Lux. The network nn we will create will have two hidden layers with tanh activations and one output layer with sigmoid activation, as shown below.
The nn is an instance that acts as a function and can take data, parameters and current state as inputs and output predictions. We will define distributions on the neural network parameters.
# Construct a neural network using Lux
nn = Chain(Dense(2 => 3, tanh), Dense(3 => 2, tanh), Dense(2 => 1, sigmoid))
# Initialize the model weights and state
ps, st = Lux.setup(rng, nn)
Lux.parameterlength(nn) # number of paraemters in NN
20
The probabilistic model specification below creates a parameters variable, which has IID normal variables. The parameters represents all parameters of our neural net (weights and biases).
# Create a regularization term and a Gaussian prior variance term.
alpha = 0.09
sig = sqrt(1.0 / alpha)
3.3333333333333335
Construct named tuple from a sampled parameter vector. We could also use ComponentArrays here and simply broadcast to avoid doing this. But let’s do it this way to avoid dependencies.
function vector_to_parameters(ps_new::AbstractVector, ps::NamedTuple)
@assert length(ps_new) == Lux.parameterlength(ps)
i = 1
function get_ps(x)
z = reshape(view(ps_new, i:(i + length(x) - 1)), size(x))
i += length(x)
return z
end
return fmap(get_ps, ps)
end
# Specify the probabilistic model.
@model function bayes_nn(xs, ts)
global st
# Sample the parameters
nparameters = Lux.parameterlength(nn)
parameters ~ MvNormal(zeros(nparameters), Diagonal(abs2.(sig .* ones(nparameters))))
# Forward NN to make predictions
preds, st = nn(xs, vector_to_parameters(parameters, ps), st)
# Observe each prediction.
for i in 1:length(ts)
ts[i] ~ Bernoulli(preds[i])
end
end
bayes_nn (generic function with 2 methods)
Inference can now be performed by calling sample. We use the HMC sampler here.
# Perform inference.
N = 5000
ch = sample(bayes_nn(reduce(hcat, xs), ts), HMC(0.05, 4), N)
Chains MCMC chain (5000×30×1 Array{Float64, 3}):
Iterations = 1:1:5000
Number of chains = 1
Samples per chain = 5000
Wall duration = 21.38 seconds
Compute duration = 21.38 seconds
parameters = parameters[1], parameters[2], parameters[3], parameters[4], parameters[5], parameters[6], parameters[7], parameters[8], parameters[9], parameters[10], parameters[11], parameters[12], parameters[13], parameters[14], parameters[15], parameters[16], parameters[17], parameters[18], parameters[19], parameters[20]
internals = lp, n_steps, is_accept, acceptance_rate, log_density, hamiltonian_energy, hamiltonian_energy_error, numerical_error, step_size, nom_step_size
Summary Statistics
parameters mean std mcse ess_bulk ess_tail rhat ess_per_sec
Symbol Float64 Float64 Float64 Float64 Float64 Float64 Float64
parameters[1] -3.2838 2.1353 0.6061 13.4569 20.5157 1.3553 0.6293
parameters[2] -2.5453 2.0214 0.5200 14.3062 38.1263 1.2127 0.6690
parameters[3] 0.2470 0.5170 0.1303 15.5400 69.9446 1.5131 0.7267
parameters[4] -1.1252 1.3161 0.3497 12.6263 27.1661 1.6134 0.5904
parameters[5] -1.8002 1.6926 0.4788 12.6602 33.8961 1.5684 0.5920
parameters[6] 3.9672 2.1695 0.5954 14.0390 38.7946 1.3993 0.6565
parameters[7] -2.5286 2.1975 0.6476 12.0525 41.6970 1.6312 0.5636
parameters[8] 1.8982 2.2701 0.6251 13.7761 28.7269 1.0725 0.6442
parameters[9] -1.2549 1.3480 0.2755 23.6932 59.3599 1.0377 1.1079
parameters[10] -4.2255 1.5446 0.3788 16.9719 57.0242 1.2471 0.7936
parameters[11] -4.6723 1.9392 0.5368 14.1247 53.9306 1.1332 0.6605
parameters[12] 0.4250 2.4120 0.6992 12.3128 21.2133 1.5221 0.5758
parameters[13] 2.3588 1.2102 0.2731 20.9996 48.8714 1.0347 0.9820
parameters[14] -0.4172 3.8391 1.1613 11.6401 28.0804 1.7871 0.5443
parameters[15] -2.1761 1.6085 0.4487 13.4087 25.6770 1.1828 0.6270
parameters[16] 0.9780 2.6501 0.7593 12.8452 25.3699 1.3569 0.6007
parameters[17] -2.9359 1.1614 0.2219 29.2929 32.1933 1.0702 1.3698
parameters[18] 2.7888 2.9729 0.8878 11.7797 20.3006 1.6940 0.5508
parameters[19] -5.9399 1.5947 0.4036 16.3451 27.9753 1.0555 0.7643
parameters[20] -3.5665 2.1457 0.6262 12.2139 27.8688 1.7557 0.5711
Quantiles
parameters 2.5% 25.0% 50.0% 75.0% 97.5%
Symbol Float64 Float64 Float64 Float64 Float64
parameters[1] -8.9072 -4.7464 -2.5269 -1.7119 -0.7331
parameters[2] -7.6220 -3.8540 -2.3673 -1.0140 0.5061
parameters[3] -1.0205 -0.0489 0.3157 0.6049 1.0431
parameters[4] -5.7669 -1.6373 -1.0735 -0.2033 0.6782
parameters[5] -5.8369 -2.9621 -1.4632 -0.6225 0.7054
parameters[6] 0.6462 2.3803 3.5608 5.1908 9.2960
parameters[7] -6.3413 -4.3782 -2.5000 -0.6308 1.3728
parameters[8] -2.0000 0.1196 1.9379 3.2783 6.4703
parameters[9] -3.4560 -2.1832 -1.3622 -0.4546 1.9927
parameters[10] -7.1485 -5.3845 -4.2239 -3.0170 -1.5034
parameters[11] -7.7894 -6.4005 -4.7019 -2.9667 -1.4084
parameters[12] -3.5029 -1.4492 0.2097 2.3226 5.4709
parameters[13] 0.4124 1.4219 2.2479 3.1261 4.9592
parameters[14] -6.7024 -3.5548 -1.2754 3.5667 5.6695
parameters[15] -4.8862 -3.1688 -2.3131 -1.2205 1.4772
parameters[16] -3.5627 -1.0369 0.8253 2.8720 6.6413
parameters[17] -5.6450 -3.6644 -2.8345 -2.1178 -0.9015
parameters[18] -4.3030 0.9028 2.5158 5.1998 7.5944
parameters[19] -8.4777 -7.1883 -5.9664 -4.9567 -2.5945
parameters[20] -7.5701 -5.3241 -3.5499 -1.8065 -0.2083
Now we extract the parameter samples from the sampled chain as θ (this is of size 5000 x 20 where 5000 is the number of iterations and 20 is the number of parameters). We’ll use these primarily to determine how good our model’s classifier is.
# Extract all weight and bias parameters.
θ = MCMCChains.group(ch, :parameters).value;
Prediction Visualization
# A helper to run the nn through data `x` using parameters `θ`
nn_forward(x, θ) = first(nn(x, vector_to_parameters(θ, ps), st))
# Plot the data we have.
fig = plot_data()
# Find the index that provided the highest log posterior in the chain.
_, i = findmax(ch[:lp])
# Extract the max row value from i.
i = i.I[1]
# Plot the posterior distribution with a contour plot
x1_range = collect(range(-6; stop=6, length=25))
x2_range = collect(range(-6; stop=6, length=25))
Z = [nn_forward([x1, x2], θ[i, :])[1] for x1 in x1_range, x2 in x2_range]
contour!(x1_range, x2_range, Z)
fig
The contour plot above shows that the MAP method is not too bad at classifying our data. Now we can visualize our predictions.
\[p(\tilde{x} | X, \alpha) = \int_{\theta} p(\tilde{x} | \theta) p(\theta | X, \alpha) \approx \sum_{\theta \sim p(\theta | X, \alpha)}f_{\theta}(\tilde{x})\]The nn_predict function takes the average predicted value from a network parameterized by weights drawn from the MCMC chain.
# Return the average predicted value across multiple weights.
nn_predict(x, θ, num) = mean([first(nn_forward(x, view(θ, i, :))) for i in 1:10:num])
nn_predict (generic function with 1 method)
Next, we use the nn_predict function to predict the value at a sample of points where the x1 and x2 coordinates range between -6 and 6. As we can see below, we still have a satisfactory fit to our data, and more importantly, we can also see where the neural network is uncertain about its predictions much easier–-those regions between cluster boundaries.
Plot the average prediction.
fig = plot_data()
n_end = 1500
x1_range = collect(range(-6; stop=6, length=25))
x2_range = collect(range(-6; stop=6, length=25))
Z = [nn_predict([x1, x2], θ, n_end)[1] for x1 in x1_range, x2 in x2_range]
contour!(x1_range, x2_range, Z)
fig
Suppose we are interested in how the predictive power of our Bayesian neural network evolved between samples. In that case, the following graph displays an animation of the contour plot generated from the network weights in samples 1 to 5,000.
fig = plot_data()
Z = [first(nn_forward([x1, x2], θ[1, :])) for x1 in x1_range, x2 in x2_range]
c = contour!(x1_range, x2_range, Z)
record(fig, "results.gif", 1:250:size(θ, 1)) do i
fig.current_axis[].title = "Iteration: $i"
Z = [first(nn_forward([x1, x2], θ[i, :])) for x1 in x1_range, x2 in x2_range]
c[3] = Z
return fig
end
"results.gif"
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